This article, originally written by K. Chernyshev and addressed to A.P. Berge, provides a detailed account of Abkhazia's geography, social structure, and customs, as observed during the author’s year-long stay in the region. In addition to his impressions of Abkhazian social life, Chernyshev interprets certain issues, such as the role of women and religious beliefs, sometimes according to his own understanding. Although his comments are coloured by personal prejudices and sometimes lack of information, the article provides invaluable historical and ethnographic insights into 19th-century Abkhazia, offering a rare glimpse into its complex social structures and cultural practices. 

The article was first published in Newspaper Kavkaz (Кавказ (газета)) in October 1854, issues No. 81, 82, and 83, and has been translated into English by AbkhazWorld.

This article, written by the Georgian historian Dmitry Bakradze (1826–1890), was originally published in Gazeta Kavkaz in 1860 across two issues (No. 48 pp. 293-294 and No. 49 pp. 298-299).  It offers an exploration of the geographical, historical, and cultural aspects of Mingrelia, Samurzakan, and Abkhazia. Bakradze vividly describes the natural landscapes, including rivers, forests, and mountain ranges, and traces the historical evolution of these regions, from ancient Greek colonies to his time in the 1860s. He also analyses into the customs, lifestyle, and socio-political state of the local populations.

This English translation, provided by AbkhazWorld, aims to bring this rich historical account to a broader audience, offering a valuable perspective on the intertwined histories of the region.

This article was first published in Aspects of the Georgian-Abkhazian Conflict, Volume II (August 1999, pp. 20-40) in Russian (University of California, Irvine), and is translated into English. Written by Georgy Anchabadze (Achba), it examines the ethnic history of the Abkhazians within the framework of the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict, highlighting the role of historical narratives in shaping inter-ethnic tensions.

Originally published in German as Bolschewistische Ordnung in Georgien: Der Große Terror in einer kleinen kaukasischen Republik by De Gruyter Oldenbourg in 2015, the book was later translated into Russian and Georgian. Authored by Marc Junge and Bernd Bonwetsch from Ruhr University Bochum, it was also published by the German Historical Institute in Moscow.

The chapter below, titled "Social Status and Repressions: Abkhazians, Adjarians, Ossetians", has been translated from the Russian version.

The Abkhaz population suffered significant losses due to the forced exiles following the Russo-Caucasus War in 1864 and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. In 1864, after the Russo-Caucasian War, around 25,000 Abkhazians, mostly from the Sadz, Akhchipsy, Aibga, and Pskhu regions, were forced to leave. Major uprisings in Abkhazia occurred in 1821-27, 1840-45, 1861, 1866, and 1877, each leading to significant exiles of Abkhazians to the Ottoman Empire. The situation culminated in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. In total, approximately 135,000 Abkhazians, constituting most of the Abkhazian population, were deported. It was during this period that the colonisation of Abkhazia by Georgians, particularly Mingrelians, first began. This process intensified in the 1930s during the Stalin and Beria era, reaching its peak through a deliberate policy of forced resettlement and assimilation. Between 1937 and 1953, tens of thousands of peasants from Western Georgia were resettled in Abkhazia, shifting the ethno-demographic balance further against the Abkhaz and making the Abkhazians a minority in their own homeland.

The article, which examines this critical period of demographic expansion, was originally published in 'Аҧсуаҭҵаара' / Abkhaz Studies, no. 11, and has been translated from Russian to English.